Error Correction & Feedback
Error correction and feedback play a crucial role in the language classroom as they provide learners with valuable information on their language performance, highlighting areas of strength and weakness. Error correction refers to the process of identifying and correcting learners' mistakes, while feedback is the information provided to learners about their language use. Effective error correction and feedback enable learners to recognize their mistakes and make improvements in their language skills. They help learners to understand the rules and patterns of the language, enhance their accuracy and fluency, and build their confidence in using the language. Additionally, error correction and feedback support the development of learners' self-assessment and self-monitoring skills, allowing them to identify and correct their mistakes independently. However, it is essential to provide error correction and feedback in a constructive and supportive manner that does not discourage learners. Therefore, language teachers need to carefully consider the timing, frequency, and method of providing feedback and correction, ensuring that it is tailored to the needs and level of the learners.
Audio & Podcasts
References & Resources
Bartram, M. & Walton, R. (1991). Correction. A Positive Approach to Language Mistakes. Hove, UK: Language Teaching Publications.
Brown, H.D. (2001). Teaching by Principles. An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Second Edition. White
Plains, USA: Addison-Wesley Longman. Chapter 17 (288-294).
Edge, J. (1989). Mistakes and Correction. Harlow, UK: Longman.
Ellis, R. (2009). Corrective Feedback and Teacher Development. L2 Journal, 1: 3-18.
Hadfield, J. & Hadfield, C. (2008). Introduction to Teaching English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chapter 4.3.
Harmer, J. (2007). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Fourth Edition. Harlow, UK: Pearson Longman. Chapter 8.
Hedge, T. (2000). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chapter 8.4.6.
Feedback in Second Language Writing: Contexts and Issues by Ken Hyland and Fiona Hyland
Nunan, D. (2015). Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. An Introduction. New York: Routledge.
Pawlak, M. (2014). Error correction in the Foreign Language Classroom. Reconsidering the Issues. Berlin: Springer.
Scrivener, J. (2011). Learning Teaching. The Essential Guide to English Language Teaching. Third Edition. London: Macmillan Education. Chapter 12(1) + DVD (Working with errors).
Swan, M. & Smith, B. (2001). Learner English. A teachers’ guide to interference and other problems. Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tarone, E. & Swierzbin, B. (2010). Exploring Learner Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ur, P. (2012). A Course in English Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 7.